The 3 Types Of SBA Loans Business Owners Should Know About

Small businesses represent the American Dream. A successful small business doesn’t translate to success for just one person — small businesses fuel local economies and provide jobs. When small businesses have the chance to grow and thrive, everybody wins. And that’s why organizations like the Small Business Administration exist.

The Small Business Administration, or SBA, is a government agency that provides the tools and resources needed to help business owners succeed. From training sessions to educational materials, the SBA provides resources and serves as an advocate for small businesses. The SBA has also become known among entrepreneurs for one big piece of the small business puzzle: financing. Through its loan programs, the SBA provides affordable and flexible loan options for everything from expansions to new business acquisitions.

If you’re ready to take your small business to the next level and you need the capital to get there, you can’t go wrong obtaining funding through an SBA loan program. But where do you begin?

Let’s start by learning more about loan programs offered by the SBA. The three most popular types of SBA loans are:

• SBA 7(a) loans
• SBA CDC/504 loans
• SBA microloans

Once you have a good base of knowledge, you’ll be better able to select and apply for the program that’s right for you.

What Are SBA Loans?

The SBA doesn’t loan money directly to small businesses. Instead, the SBA works with intermediaries to provide low-interest loans with competitive terms to small businesses and startups. These intermediaries could be traditional banks, private lenders, credit unions, or even nonprofit organizations.

The SBA has created a set of standards upheld by its intermediaries to keep loans affordable for small businesses. This way, borrowers can expand and build their businesses without facing high interest rates, daily draws, or other drawbacks they might encounter with more expensive forms of credit. The SBA backs large percentages of the loans given through its programs — anywhere from 50-85% — lowering the risk involved and making lenders more apt to lend to small businesses.

The SBA offers several programs of interest for small business owners. Let’s explore the different types of SBA loans to determine which best fits the needs of your small business or startup.

The SBA 7(a) Loan Program

The SBA 7(a) program is the most well-known among SBA loans. SBA 7(a) loans are extremely popular because of the great terms and flexibility they provide. However, there are several different types to consider, each of which comes with different maximum loan amounts, interest rates, and terms. Read on to find out more about each type to determine which is the right fit.

Types Of 7(a) Loans

• Standard 7(a) Loans: When most people refer to SBA 7(a) loans, this is the program that comes to mind. Through this program, small businesses can borrow up to $5 million. Interest rates are negotiable and maturity terms are typically 10 years or 25 years, depending on how the money is used. The SBA guarantees 75% to 85% of the total loan amount, putting less risk on lenders so they can feel confident in loaning money to small business owners.
• SBA Express Loans: One of the drawbacks that many potential borrowers find with SBA Standard 7(a) loans is the length of the process from application to approval and funding. The entire process takes, at a minimum, 30 to 90 days. Borrowers who want a fast approval should consider SBA Express Loans. Within 36 hours, the applicant will know whether or not they’ve been approved. While actually receiving the money can still take weeks, it’s very reassuring to business owners to have an approval locked down so they can quit searching for loans and know that they’ve secured funding. The maximum loan amount is just $350,000 through this program, which could be a drawback for anyone seeking more financing. Because the SBA backs only 50% of each loan distributed through the Express program, these loans can be more difficult to obtain, especially for startup businesses.
• Community Advantage Loans: These loans are very similar to the Standard 7(a) loans given by the SBA. The biggest difference is that the Community Advantage Loan program is reserved for borrowers in underserved communities. This doesn’t just mean small businesses in low-income areas, although those do qualify for this program. Community Advantage loans are also available to women, minorities, veterans, and startups. This program provides opportunities to businesses that may not qualify for traditional financing options. The maximum loan amount under this program is $250,000.
• Veterans Advantage Loans: Veteran-owned small businesses can get the funding they need through the Veterans Advantage program. Through this program, veterans and service members get to enjoy the same great rates and benefits of the Standard 7(a) loans but with reduced fees. This program offers loans up to $5 million.
• Export Express & Export Working Capital Loans: Exporters can get funding through the SBA’s Export Express and Export Working Capital programs. Through the Export Working Capital loan program, small businesses can receive up to $5 million in financing. Under the Export Express program, loans up to $500,000 are distributed. Though these loans are smaller, the benefit is that applications are approved within 24 hours.
• SBA Lines of Credit (CAPLines): SBA CAPLines offer short-term and cyclical funding options for small businesses. Funding of up to $5 million is available with maximum repayment terms of 10 years. There are four different lines of credit available under this program. Seasonal CAPLines are used for accounts receivable and inventory that increase seasonally; Contract CAPLines are used to finance specific contracts; Builder’s CAPLines are used for the construction or renovation costs for commercial or residential buildings; Working CAPLines are a type of revolving line of credit used for recurring, cyclical, or short-term needs and is used by businesses that do not qualify for long-term credit programs.

SBA 7(a) Loan Uses

SBA 7(a) loans are so popular because there are very few limitations. With Standard Loans, Express Loans, Community Advantage Loans, and Veterans Advantage Loans, funds can be used for a variety of purposes, including the purchase of equipment, expansion, the acquisition of a business, or working capital. Export Express and Export Working Capital loans can also be used for just about any business purpose but are limited to usage only by companies that sell goods or services outside of the territorial United States.

As previously mentioned, SBA CAPLines do have limitations in how they are used. Builder’s CAPLines can only be used for direct expenses related to construction or “substantial renovation” to a residential or commercial building. Contract CAPLines can only be used for the costs of specific contracts and can’t be used to purchase fixed assets, pay back taxes, or refinance existing debt. Seasonal CAPLines are used to fund seasonal increases of inventory or accounts receivable, although in some cases it can be used for increased labor costs. Working Capital CAPLines are used for short-term needs and can’t be used for delinquent taxes or floor planning, and there are also limitations for acquiring fixed assets.

SBA 7(a) Loan Rates & Fees

The loan rates and fees for SBA 7(a) loans are extremely competitive with traditional loans. The rates and fees vary depending upon the type of loan selected. It’s also important to note that down payments, collateral, and personal guarantees are typically required for all SBA 7(a) loans. Here’s a look at SBA 7(a) loan base rates and markups:

Standard 7(a) Loans:

The interest rates for SBA 7(a) loans are set by the lender, but all interest rates must fall below the maximum rates put in place by the SBA. For Standard 7(a) loans, the interest rate is based on the current prime rate. Lenders can add between 2.25% and 4.75% to the prime rate, depending upon the total loan amount taken and the repayment terms. For real estate, repayment terms up to 25 years are available. Business acquisitions and equipment financing come with terms up to 10 years. For working capital, the loan maturity is 7 years.

A one-time guarantee fee up to 3.75% may be passed on to the borrower. Additional fees may also be required by the lender, including but not limited to closing costs or referral fees. A prepayment penalty applies when the loan is paid within the first three years when the repayment terms are 15 years or longer.

SBA Express Loans:

The maximum interest rate for SBA Express loans is slightly higher. Lenders can charge the current prime rate plus an additional 4.5% to 6.5% based on the amount borrowed. Terms are the same for SBA Express loans as Standard 7(a) loans. A guarantee fee of up to 3% can be passed on by lenders to borrowers of Express loans, while additional fees including packaging fees and closing costs may also apply.

SBA Community Advantage Loans:

Community Advantage loans have a maximum rate set by the SBA as the prime rate plus 2.75% to 6%. Repayment terms for these loans are similar to Standard 7(a) loans – up to 25 years for real estate and up to 10 years for acquisitions, inventory, equipment financing, and other expenses. Closing costs and fees for appraisals, reports, and other costs may be passed on to the borrower.

Veterans Advantage Loans:

Veteran’s Advantage loans come with the same repayment terms and interest rates as Standard 7(a) loans. The difference is in the guarantee fee, which is reduced by 50% for loans from $125,001 to $350,000.

Export Express & Export Working Capital Loans:

Repayment terms remain the same as other 7(a) loans, while interest rates are set between 4.5% and 6.5% on top of current prime rates. A guarantee fee up to 3% will also be paid and varies based on the term length and amount borrowed.

CAPLines:

Repayment terms for CAPLines are up to 5 years. A maximum interest rate of the prime rate plus 2.25% to 4.75% has been set by the SBA. A one-time guarantee fee between 2% and 3.75% will also be charged, as well as additional expenses similar to other SBA 7(a) loans.

SBA 7(a) Loan Borrower Requirements

There are a few requirements set by the SBA that apply across the board for all SBA 7(a) loans. All businesses must be based in the United States and must be for-profit. All applicants must qualify as a small business with 500 or fewer employees and a net worth below $15 million. Businesses must not be engaged in illegal operations.

Borrowers must have a solid credit history, with a recommended score of 680 or higher. Borrowers should be prepared to offer adequate collateral, including personal real estate if needed. Personal guarantees are required. The applicant must also show a legitimate business need for the loan and must have exhausted other financial options before applying.

All applicants should be prepared to show documentation for ownership, personal and business credit, and financial outlooks. Startups are required to have a solid business plan prepared. Anyone applying for the Veterans Advantage program must have a business that is at least 51% owned and controlled by a veteran, servicemember, reservist, or National Guard member. A current or widowed spouse is also eligible to apply.

Think the SBA 7(a) loan program is right for you? Before you apply, find out everything you need to know about this popular small business financing option.

Borrower requirements for SBA 7(a) loans: • In business at least 2 years • Owner’s personal credit score is 650 or above • Business credit score is 150 or above

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The SBA CDC/504 Loan Program

The SBA’s CDC/504 loan program is a bit different because instead of working with one intermediary, a borrower works with two: a participating lender and a Certified Development Company.

With these loans, the SBA provides up to 40% of the total cost of a project through a Certified Development Company. A traditional lender, such as a bank or credit union, provides 50% of the total project cost. The borrower is responsible for the remaining 10% of the total project cost. The maximum SBA loan amount distributed through this program is $5 million.

SBA 504 Loan Uses

While there are some limitations, the CDC/504 loan program can be used in a variety of ways to update, expand, or improve a small business. These loans can be used to purchase buildings or land, improve land, renovate facilities, or purchase long-term fixed assets. Debt can be refinanced using these funds provided that the debt is connected to the purchase or renovation of facilities or equipment.

Funds from these loans can’t be used for repaying or refinancing debt (other than the refinancing of debt as described above). It also can’t be used to purchase inventory or for use as working capital.

SBA 504 Loan Rates & Fees

The interest rates for 504 loans are based upon the market rate of 5-year and 10-year Treasury issues. The portion that is funded through a traditional lender will be subject to the lender’s own interest rates. Repayment terms of 10 years and 20 years are available for the SBA-funded portion of the loan. Funding fees, processing fees, and closing fees may also apply and can be financed with the loan.

SBA 504 Loan Borrower Requirements

SBA 504 loan borrowers must meet all standard requirements set by the SBA. Borrowers must operate a for-profit business and should not be involved in nonprofit, speculative, or passive activities. Borrowers must show a legitimate need for the financing. They must also find a CDC and additional lender that operates in their area. Collateral is generally required, although typically the assets that are being financed serve as collateral. Personal guarantees are also needed from all applicants and owners of 20% or more. Read on to learn more about SBA 504 loans.

Should I Choose An SBA 504 Loan Or A 7(a) Loan?

Wondering which SBA loan is right for you? Here’s a quick comparison of the two.

504 VS 7(a) Loan Usage

504 VS 7(a) Rates & Terms

504 VS 7(a) Borrower Requirements

The SBA Microloan Program

Small business owners looking for a smaller loan can apply for the SBA Microloan program. Through this program, borrowers can work with nonprofit intermediaries to receive up to $50,000 in low-interest funding.

SBA Microloan Uses

SBA Microloan funds can be used in almost any way to operate or expand a business. Purposes for these loans range from working capital to purchasing supplies and equipment. However, microloans can’t be used for purchasing real estate or refinancing debt.

SBA Microloan Rates & Fees

The interest rates for microloans are based primarily on the intermediary’s cost of funds. The intermediary may charge this rate plus a maximum of 7.75% on microloans exceeding $10,000, or up to 8.5% on loans that are $10,000 or less. The maximum maturity for microloans is six years.

Packaging fees between 2% and 3% may also be charged by intermediaries. Additional fees, including but not limited to credit reports, filing fees, recording fees, or other closing costs, may also apply. Find out more about the rates, terms, and fees of microloans before applying.

SBA Microloan Borrower Requirements

Microloans are subject to the same standard requirements set by the SBA, including qualifying as a small business. All businesses must be for-profit, although non-profit childcare centers also may apply.

Applicants seeking more than $20,000 must pass the SBA’s “no credit elsewhere” test. This simply means that any borrower must have sought other non-federal means of financing before applying. There must also be a legitimate need for the financing, and it should be proven that the small business is set up for a profitable and successful future.

Collateral may be required, but this decision falls upon the lender. The SBA simply requires the lender to use “prudent lending practices” when determining whether a microloan should be collateralized. Credit is also a consideration and scores should be at least 680 upon applying.

How To Apply For SBA-Backed Loans

With so many options, it’s easy to see why SBA loans are the ideal choice for any established small business or startup. Once you’ve found a loan that best suits the needs of your business, it’s time to take the next step and apply for funding.

Before reaching out to a lender, it’s important to make sure that you complete as much legwork on your end as possible. One of your first moves should be to make sure your credit is where it needs to be to qualify. As previously mentioned, a minimum score of 680 is ideal, although higher scores have higher chances of approval. You can easily obtain a free credit report and score online to see where you stand. You can also use your free report to check for any errors that need to be disputed. If there are any negative marks on your report that are accurate, you will need a reasonable explanation for each. Find out more about the requirements needed to obtain an SBA loan.

Once you’ve confirmed that your credit is up to par, the next step is to begin gathering documentation. Requirements vary by lender, but you should expect to provide a minimum of 2 years’ worth of personal and business tax returns, financial statements, business licenses, and financial projections. Startups should have a solid business plan prepared to replace financial documentation that may not be available.

The next step is to find an SBA-approved lender that services your area. Once you’ve found your lender, there is a strong possibility that you will be required to appear in their office. A list of documentation may be provided before your meeting. Some lenders may also allow you to start the application process online or over the phone.

Your lender will go over all required documentation, as well as their interest rates, terms, and other vital information such as down payments and collateral requirements. Make sure that you understand all terms before moving forward in the process. Once you’ve come to an agreement, your application is completed and sent off for approval and underwriting.

At this point, it’s important to understand that the funding process for SBA loans can be lengthy. On average, expect to wait a minimum of 30 to 90 days for your funding. Potential delays may further prolong the process. If you’ve applied for specific programs such as the SBA Express loan program, approval may be received in just days, but additional time will be required to close and fund the loan.

Where Do I Find SBA Loans?

To find an SBA loan in your area, you can visit the SBA’s website for more information. You can use the site’s Lender Match tool to be paired with a lender that can provide the loan you’re looking for. You can also ask for a referral for an SBA-approved lender from your financial institution. Make sure that the lender you choose is authorized to provide the specific type of loan that interests you.

Once approved, the loan will be closed and you’ll receive your funding. The final step is to use your funds responsibly. Remember to always pay your loan based on the agreed-upon terms and use all loan proceeds to further improve or expand your business to elevate your success.

Borrower requirements for SBA 7(a) loans: • In business at least 2 years • Owner’s personal credit score is 650 or above • Business credit score is 150 or above

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